Kahramanmaras, Turkey —New horticultural research highlights the development of two superior walnut cultivars, ‘Ahsen’ and ‘Özcan 46’, designed to address critical production challenges and meet increasing global demand for high-quality nuts. Detailed in HortScience, these findings represent a significant step forward in walnut breeding, focusing on climate resilience, yield optimization, and superior nut characteristics.

The first article, "‘Ahsen’: A Late-Leafing, High-Yielding, Early-Harvest Walnut Cultivar with Superior Nut Quality," introduces a variety specifically engineered to mitigate the risks of climate change. A primary feature of ‘Ahsen’ is its late leafing date—occurring four days later than the industry-standard ‘Chandler’—which provides vital protection against late spring frosts. Despite its late start, the cultivar reaches harvest maturity 22 days earlier than ‘Chandler’, offering a shorter vegetation period that optimizes orchard management. ‘Ahsen’ also demonstrates exceptional productivity through high lateral bud flowering and produces nuts with a high kernel percentage and light color, enhancing its market value.

Complementing this advancement is the registration of another promising variety, as detailed in "Juglans regia L. ‘Özcan 46’, a New Walnut Variety." This research expands the genetic toolkit available to growers by evaluating the specific pomological and phenological traits of the ‘Özcan 46’ variety. Like other modern cultivars emerging from focused breeding programs, ‘Özcan 46’ is categorized by its suitability for commercial production, offering a distinct profile of nut size, shell thickness, and kernel weight.

Together, these cultivars provide walnut producers with robust options for improving orchard efficiency. By selecting for traits such as frost avoidance, early harvest, and high kernel quality, these new varieties support a more resilient and profitable agricultural future.

The full articles can be read on the ASHS HortScience electronic Journal website at: https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI18818-25 and https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI19016-25

Established in 1903, the American Society for Horticultural Science is recognized around the world as one of the most respected and influential professional societies for horticultural scientists. ASHS is committed to promoting and encouraging national and international interest in scientific research and education in all branches of horticulture.

Comprised of thousands of members worldwide, ASHS represents a broad cross-section of the horticultural community — scientists, educators, students, landscape and turf managers, government, extension agents and industry professionals. ASHS members focus on practices and problems in horticulture: breeding, propagation, production and management, harvesting, handling and storage, processing, marketing and use of horticultural plants and products. To learn more, visit ashs.org.

Heatmap of the correlation coefficients between five Asparagaceae species. Darker colors denote stronger positive correlations; lighter shades indicate weaker correlations. CE = catechin equivalent; GAE = gallic acid equivalent; QE = quercetin equivalent. (Photo courtesy of the author)

Qassim, Saudi Arabia: Researchers from Qassim University identified substantial genetic and chemical variability within plants of the Asparagaceae family, revealing characteristics that could support future advances in medicine, nutrition, and biotechnology. The study demonstrates how differences in both genetic makeup and phytochemical composition may be leveraged to develop natural products, enhance crop stress resilience, and drive innovation in pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and plant-based health and wellness industries.

The Asparagaceae family includes economically and medicinally important species such as Asparagus officinalis, Agave, and Yucca. Despite their importance, comprehensive assessments of both their genetic diversity and bioactive compound content have been limited. This study aimed to bridge that gap by combining molecular and biochemical analyses to characterize selected Asparagaceae species.

Researchers employed molecular markers to assess genetic diversity and used chromatographic and spectrophotometric methods to profile key bioactive compounds, including phenolics, flavonoids, and saponins. The results revealed substantial variability among species and even within populations, indicating a rich genetic reservoir and diverse phytochemical potential.

These findings have broad implications for breeding programs, conservation strategies, and the targeted extraction of valuable compounds for pharmaceutical and industrial use. By identifying genotypes with high concentrations of beneficial phytochemicals, the study supports more sustainable and efficient use of Asparagaceae resources.

The integration of genetic and phytochemical data provides a foundation for future research focused on enhancing bioactive compound production through plant selection, propagation, and cultivation strategies.

Dr. Essam Abdul-Hafeez is a professor in the College of Agriculture and Food at Qassim University in Qassim, Saudi Arabia.

The full articles can be found on the Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science electronic journal website at: https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS05532-25

Established in 1903, the American Society for Horticultural Science is recognized around the world as one of the most respected and influential professional societies for horticultural scientists. ASHS is committed to promoting and encouraging national and international interest in scientific research and education in all branches of horticulture.

Comprised of thousands of members worldwide, ASHS represents a broad cross-section of the horticultural community — scientists, educators, students, landscape and turf managers, government, extension agents and industry professionals. ASHS members focus on practices and problems in horticulture: breeding, propagation, production and management, harvesting, handling and storage, processing, marketing and use of horticultural plants and products. To learn more, visit ashs.org.

McMinnville, TN  Research from Tennessee State University’s College of Agriculture is giving nursery producers, landscapers and arborists new information to help manage stem canker in eastern redbud, a popular ornamental tree known for its spring blooms and heart-shaped leaves.

Their two recent HortScience studies focused on Botryosphaeria dothidea, a fungal pathogen associated with stem canker in eastern redbud. The disease can damage stems, cause branch dieback, reduce ornamental quality and lead to plant loss, making it a serious concern for nursery production and landscape management.

One study evaluated conventional fungicides, biofungicides and a plant-based extract for managing the disease. Several treatments reduced disease severity in greenhouse trials, while selected biological and plant-derived products showed promise as part of a broader integrated disease-management program. The findings give growers more information as they weigh effectiveness, production needs and sustainability goals.

A second study looked at how the pathogen can move from plant to plant on contaminated pruning and cutting tools. The researchers compared sanitizer products and found that proper disinfection practices can help reduce transmission during pruning and propagation. The results underscore a practical point for growers: disease management is not only about treating infected plants. It is also about preventing the pathogen from spreading during routine nursery work.

Together, the studies offer a clearer, more practical approach to Botryosphaeria stem canker in redbud. When effective treatment options are combined with consistent tool sanitation, nursery and landscape professionals have a stronger path for reducing disease pressure and protecting plant health.

“After observing a rise in cases of canker diseases in ornamental nurseries and hearing concerns directly from growers, we initiated this research to better understand effective management strategies,” said Dr..Baysal-Gurel. “Our findings show that integrating fungicide treatments with proper sanitation practices can play a critical role in reducing disease spread and improving plant health in nursery production systems.”

The work was led by Dr. Fulya Baysal-Gurel, associate dean for research and research associate professor of agricultural sciences and engineering at TSU Ag, and Pratima Subedi, graduate student researcher at the Otis L. Floyd Nursery Research Center in McMinnville.

The research reflects TSU Ag’s applied approach to plant health research at the Otis L. Floyd Nursery Research Center, where faculty, graduate students and industry partners work on production challenges facing Tennessee’s nursery sector and the broader green industry.

The full articles can be read on the ASHS HortScience electronic journal website at: https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI18841-25 and https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI19290-26

Established in 1903, the American Society for Horticultural Science is recognized around the world as one of the most respected and influential professional societies for horticultural scientists. ASHS is committed to promoting and encouraging national and international interest in scientific research and education in all branches of horticulture.

Comprised of thousands of members worldwide, ASHS represents a broad cross-section of the horticultural community — scientists, educators, students, landscape and turf managers, government, extension agents and industry professionals. ASHS members focus on practices and problems in horticulture: breeding, propagation, production and management, harvesting, handling and storage, processing, marketing and use of horticultural plants and products. To learn more, visit ashs.org.

Researchers and extension specialists from Washington State University are helping growers better understand the benefits, challenges, and practical considerations surrounding soil-biodegradable plastic mulches (BDMs) through a newly published article, Frequently Asked Questions about Soil-biodegradable Plastic Mulches.

Plastic mulch is widely used in specialty crop production to improve weed control, conserve soil moisture, and increase crop yields. Approximately 2.5 million metric tons of plastic mulch films are used globally every year, with polyethylene (PE) being the most widely used polymer in mulch manufacturing (FAO 2021). This is because of the durability and flexibility, low cost, excellent mechanical strength, and barrier properties of PE that can prevent weed growth, optimize soil temperature, and conserve soil moisture for crop growth ( However, conventional polyethylene mulch creates significant disposal challenges because it must be removed from fields and sent to landfills after use. 

Soil-biodegradable plastic mulches (BDMs) have emerged as a potential alternative that can be tilled into the soil after the growing season, where they are designed to biodegrade through microbial activity. Generally, BDM has agronomic performance similar to that of PE mulch; therefore, growers can achieve weed management, moderation of soil temperature and moisture, and enhancement of crop yield and quality The in situ disposal of BDM saves labor and end-of-season removal.

The article addresses many of the most common questions growers, educators, and agricultural professionals have about BDMs, including how they work, what they are made from, their environmental impacts, performance in the field, and current regulations surrounding their use.

Interest in biodegradable mulch technologies has increased as growers seek more sustainable production practices while reducing labor and disposal costs associated with conventional plastics. The publication explains that while BDMs offer promising advantages, successful adoption depends on understanding factors such as soil conditions, climate, crop management practices, and product selection.

According to the authors, additional research is needed to improve understanding and confidence in biodegradable mulch technologies while advancing new options that support organic production, soil health, nutrient delivery, and circular economies. At the same time, better recycling systems for polyethylene mulch are needed in situations where biodegradable mulches are not practical, including improved collection and processing methods that reduce soil contamination, transportation costs, and recycling challenges. 

Additional research is needed to improve understanding and confidence in biodegradable mulch technologies while advancing new options that support organic production, soil health, nutrient delivery, and circular economies. At the same time, better recycling systems for polyethylene mulch are needed in situations where biodegradable mulches are not practical, including improved collection and processing methods that reduce soil contamination, transportation costs, and recycling challenges. 

The article provides a comprehensive overview for growers, researchers, extension professionals, and others interested in sustainable specialty crop production practices.

Carol Miles has been investigating biodegradable plastic for agricultural applications for 25 years. The initial motivation was prompted by using nondegradable polyethylene mulch for organic crop production and feeling the waste and environmental pollution that comes from plastic inadvertently left in the field is counter to the principles of organic agriculture. Carol worked with a group of graduate students and a postdoc to write this article to address the questions that frequently come from growers and research and Extension colleagues regarding biodegradable plastic.

Carol Miles is Professor of Horticultural Crops Research and Extension Specialist at Washington State University.

The full article can be found on the ASHS HortTech electronic journal website at: https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTTECH05652-25

Established in 1903, the American Society for Horticultural Science is recognized around the world as one of the most respected and influential professional societies for horticultural scientists. ASHS is committed to promoting and encouraging national and international interest in scientific research and education in all branches of horticulture.

Comprised of thousands of members worldwide, ASHS represents a broad cross-section of the horticultural community—scientists, educators, students, landscape and turf managers, government, extension agents and industry professionals. ASHS members focus on practices and problems in horticulture: breeding, propagation, production and management, harvesting, handling and storage, processing, marketing and use of horticultural plants and products. To learn more, visit ashs.org.

Example: choice experiment scenario	Need for smell and touch segments

Knoxville, TN - A new study from the University of Tennessee sheds light on how sensory experiences—specifically fragrance and touch—shape consumer behavior when purchasing flowers, offering valuable insights for florists, retailers, and the ornamental horticulture industry.

The research examines the relationship between floral scent, tactile interaction, and purchasing decisions, revealing that multi-sensory engagement plays a significant role in driving consumer interest and sales. While visual appeal remains a primary factor, the findings show that fragrance and the ability to physically interact with flowers can strongly influence buying behavior.

Fragrance emerged as a key differentiator, with consumers showing increased preference for flowers that emit noticeable and pleasant scents. In retail environments where scent is present, shoppers are more likely to spend time engaging with products and are more inclined to make a purchase.

Touch also plays an important role, particularly in in-person retail settings such as garden centers and floral shops. The study found that consumers who were able to handle or closely examine flowers reported higher levels of satisfaction and connection to the product, which translated into a greater likelihood of purchase.

Importantly, the research highlights that these sensory factors can work together to enhance the overall shopping experience. Flowers that combine strong visual appeal with fragrance and tactile accessibility are more likely to stand out in competitive retail environments.

The findings also suggest opportunities for retailers to rethink merchandising strategies. Incorporating fragrant varieties, reducing barriers to physical interaction, and designing displays that encourage sensory engagement could help increase customer satisfaction and sales.

As consumer preferences continue to evolve, the study emphasizes the importance of creating immersive retail experiences that go beyond visual presentation. By leveraging scent and touch, the floral industry can better connect with customers and enhance the appeal of fresh flowers in both traditional and emerging markets.

According to Dr. Rihn, "A key concept of this study is that customers have varying levels of interest in scent and touch. Our project brought together those elements and demonstrated that even for customers with low scent and touch ratings, fragrant flowers generated premiums. This implies that fragrance generates value regardless of customers' natural inclinations towards those sensory cues."

Alicia Rihn is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Agriculture and Resource Economics at the University of Tennessee.  Her research and Extension programs focus on consumer behavior, willingness to pay, and perceptions of specialty crops and niche products.

Collaborators include Melinda Knuth, Associate Professor at North Carolina State University, Patricia Huddleston, Professor, Michigan State University, and Bridget Behe, Professor emeritus at Michigan State University. 

The full article can be read on the ASHS HortTechnology electronic Journal website at: https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTTECH05815-25

Established in 1903, the American Society for Horticultural Science is recognized around the world as one of the most respected and influential professional societies for horticultural scientists. ASHS is committed to promoting and encouraging national and international interest in scientific research and education in all branches of horticulture.

Comprised of thousands of members worldwide, ASHS represents a broad cross-section of the horticultural community—scientists, educators, students, landscape and turf managers, government, extension agents and industry professionals. ASHS members focus on practices and problems in horticulture: breeding, propagation, production and management, harvesting, handling and storage, processing, marketing and use of horticultural plants and products. To learn more, visit ashs.org.

Wooster, OH - New research from Ohio State University highlights the growing role of machine learning in improving environmental forecasting for specialty crop production, offering powerful tools to enhance decision-making in protected agriculture systems.

Two recent studies—“High-Tunnel Temperature Forecasting with Machine Learning” and “Enhancing Solar Radiation Forecasting with Machine Learning”—demonstrate how advanced data-driven models can significantly improve the accuracy and reliability of short-term environmental predictions critical to greenhouse and high-tunnel management.

High tunnels and other protected cultivation systems provide growers with season extension and environmental control, but fluctuating temperature and solar radiation levels remain ongoing management challenges. Accurate forecasting enables growers to optimize ventilation, irrigation, shading, and heating strategies, reducing crop stress while improving resource efficiency.

The first study focused on improving temperature prediction within high tunnels using machine learning algorithms trained on historical environmental data. Researchers evaluated multiple modeling approaches to capture the complex interactions among ambient weather conditions, solar radiation, and internal tunnel microclimates. The models consistently outperformed conventional forecasting methods, offering more precise short-term temperature projections that can support real-time management decisions.

Reliable high-tunnel temperature forecasting helps growers anticipate heat stress, minimize frost damage, and improve energy efficiency. Enhanced predictive capability also supports automation systems that adjust ventilation or deploy shade cloth in response to expected conditions, reducing labor demands and operational uncertainty.

The companion study examined solar radiation forecasting, a critical factor influencing plant growth, evapotranspiration, and internal temperature dynamics in protected environments. By applying advanced machine learning techniques to meteorological datasets, researchers achieved improved accuracy in predicting incoming solar radiation compared to traditional statistical approaches.

Improved solar radiation forecasting provides growers with better insight into daily light availability, allowing more precise irrigation scheduling and crop management. Accurate radiation predictions also improve temperature modeling within high tunnels, since solar input is a primary driver of internal heat accumulation.

Together, the two studies underscore the potential of machine learning to transform environmental management in controlled and semi-controlled agricultural systems. By integrating high-resolution weather data with advanced modeling techniques, growers and researchers can move toward more responsive, automated, and data-informed production systems.

These findings highlight a broader shift toward digital agriculture tools that enhance sustainability, reduce risk, and improve productivity. As climate variability increases and labor constraints persist, machine learning–based forecasting systems offer a scalable solution to strengthen resilience in specialty crop production.

The research provides a foundation for continued development of intelligent forecasting tools that can be integrated into farm management platforms, ultimately helping growers make faster, more informed decisions in dynamic growing environments.

The full article can be read on the ASHS HortTech electronic Journal website at: https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTTECH05644-25  and https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTTECH05825-25

Established in 1903, the American Society for Horticultural Science is recognized around the world as one of the most respected and influential professional societies for horticultural scientists. ASHS is committed to promoting and encouraging national and international interest in scientific research and education in all branches of horticulture.

Comprised of thousands of members worldwide, ASHS represents a broad cross-section of the horticultural community—scientists, educators, students, landscape and turf managers, government, extension agents and industry professionals. ASHS members focus on practices and problems in horticulture: breeding, propagation, production and management, harvesting, handling and storage, processing, marketing and use of horticultural plants and products. To learn more, visit ashs.org.   

East Lansing, MI - New research from Michigan State Uniuversity highlights how targeted environmental controls—specifically supplemental lighting, root-zone heating, and temperature management—can significantly improve the growth, morphology, and visual quality of Petunia ×hybrida during propagation.

Two complementary studies examining petunia propagation practices reveal that precise manipulation of light intensity and temperature conditions plays a critical role in producing high-quality plants. Together, the findings offer actionable insights for growers seeking to refine propagation protocols and maximize crop uniformity and aesthetic appeal.

The first study demonstrates that increasing LED supplemental light intensity and implementing root zone heating both contribute to improved plant morphology and enhanced leaf coloration during the rooting stage. Higher light levels were associated with more compact, robust growth and increased anthocyanin concentrations, which contribute to deeper pigmentation in foliage. In contrast, the inclusion of far-red light showed minimal impact on these parameters, suggesting it may be unnecessary in propagation-specific lighting strategies.

The second study focuses on the interaction between air temperature management and supplemental lighting during propagation. Results indicate that carefully controlled temperature regimes, when paired with appropriate lighting strategies, significantly influence plant growth and structural development. Warmer root-zone conditions and optimized air temperatures rooting prevented the development of discolored foliage

and improved overall plant quality, while suboptimal conditions led to delayed development and less desirable morphology.

Taken together, the studies underscore the importance of integrating both light and temperature management to achieve consistent and high-quality petunia propagation. Growers can improve outcomes by prioritizing higher light intensities and maintaining favorable thermal conditions, particularly in the root zone, while avoiding unnecessary energy expenditures on far-red lighting that does not contribute measurable benefits during this stage.

These findings provide a clearer framework for greenhouse producers aiming to enhance efficiency, reduce input costs, and deliver superior ornamental crops to market.

According to Mr. Smith, he was prompted to conduct the research after Drs. Lopez and Smith were discussing potential issues with light emitting diodes (LEDs) as supplemental lighting.  “Both Lopez and Jahnke noticed that some bedding plant species, such as petunia, became purple when propagated from unrooted cuttings underneath LEDs. This observation was supported by reports from greenhouse growers that also noted the development of purple leaves in cuttings rooted under LEDs.

This research was conducted by Charlie Smith during his M.S. studies at Michigan State University. Now a Ph.D. student, Smith worked with advisors Roberto Lopez and Erik Runkle on experimental design, data analysis, and manuscript preparation. Nathan Jahnke of Ball Horticultural Company contributed to the experimental design and helped identify the purpling issue, while Kellie Walters of University of Tennessee assisted with sample processing and data analysis. 

The full articles can be read on the ASHS HortScience electronic Journal website at:

+https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI18797-25 and https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI18965-25

Established in 1903, the American Society for Horticultural Science is recognized around the world as one of the most respected and influential professional societies for horticultural scientists. ASHS is committed to promoting and encouraging national and international interest in scientific research and education in all branches of horticulture.

Comprised of thousands of members worldwide, ASHS represents a broad cross-section of the horticultural community — scientists, educators, students, landscape and turf managers, government, extension agents and industry professionals. ASHS members focus on practices and problems in horticulture: breeding, propagation, production and management, harvesting, handling and storage, processing, marketing and use of horticultural plants and products. To learn more, visit ashs.org.

Gainesville, FL  —As blueberry production expands worldwide, consumer tastes are reshaping the berry itself. Consumers want big, firm blueberries that stay fresh longer. Water content plays a key role in delivering those qualities. Studying water loss in blueberries has long been tricky—thanks to their unique shape and the painstaking process of finding tiny pores called stomata. A study released by scientists at the University of Florida introduces scalable methods to measure fruit shape and count fruit stomata l traits in southern highbush blueberry, providing researchers and breeders with practical tools to evaluate traits critical to crop improvement.

Fruit shape contributes significantly to regulating key physiological processes that affect fruit quality and shelf life. Fruit shape also  influences the arrangement of vascular tissues, which determine the internal distribution and flow of water, carbohydrates, and nutrients. These structural traits affect the spatial and temporal accumulation of metabolites during fruit development.  Fleshy fruit development depends on maintaining a balance between water inflow through the vascular system and water loss via transpiration. Internal transport processes, including the movement of water and nutrients, through vascular tissues are central to supporting fruit development and attaining fruit quality.

The research team developed image-based and high-throughput approaches to capture variation in blueberry fruit morphology and stomatal characteristics. Fruit shape, which strongly influences consumer preference and market value, was quantified using digital imaging techniques and geometric modelling. Stomatal traits, important for water-use efficiency and stress tolerance, were measured with methods designed to streamline data collection across large populations.

The study demonstrated that these methods are reliable, reproducible, and adaptable for breeding programs aiming to improve fruit quality and environmental resilience. By enabling large-scale phenotyping, the approach supports more efficient selection for desirable traits and accelerates the development of improved southern highbush blueberry cultivars.

This work highlights the growing role of scalable phenotyping in advancing horticultural research, offering solutions that bridge the gap between traditional trait evaluation and modern breeding demands.

The full articles can be found on the Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science electronic journal website at: https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS05507-25

Established in 1903, the American Society for Horticultural Science is recognized around the world as one of the most respected and influential professional societies for horticultural scientists. ASHS is committed to promoting and encouraging national and international interest in scientific research and education in all branches of horticulture.

Comprised of thousands of members worldwide, ASHS represents a broad cross-section of the horticultural community — scientists, educators, students, landscape and turf managers, government, extension agents and industry professionals. ASHS members focus on practices and problems in horticulture: breeding, propagation, production and management, harvesting, handling and storage, processing, marketing and use of horticultural plants and products. To learn more, visit ashs.org.

Taipei, Taiwan – New research brings together a series of studies examining growth optimization, ornamental trait inheritance, and environmental stress tolerance in two popular ornamental plant genera, Episcia and Alocasia. Collectively, the findings offer valuable insights for breeders, growers, and the horticulture industry.

One study investigated how daily light integral (DLI) influences growth, chlorophyll fluorescence, and flowering in Episcia. Results demonstrated that light intensity plays a critical role in plant development, directly affecting photosynthetic efficiency and flowering timing. Optimizing DLI levels can significantly improve plant quality and production outcomes in controlled environments.

Complementing this work, growth and photosynthetic performance in Alocasia were strongly affected by water, nutrient management, and irrigation method, with moderate moisture optimizing development, while drought reduced growth and excessive moisture altered root morphology. In parallel, additional research examined the inheritance of leaf traits in Alocasia, focusing on the mechanisms underlying velvety leaf texture and distinctive vein coloration. The findings revealed that these ornamental characteristics are genetically controlled and can be selectively bred, offering new opportunities to develop visually striking cultivars with desirable foliage traits.

Further expanding on Episcia genetics, another study examined the inheritance and underlying mechanisms of midrib stripe patterns and anthocyanin pigmentation. The results identified key genetic factors responsible for these traits, offering a clearer understanding of how coloration patterns are passed on and expressed in hybrid populations.

In addition to growth and aesthetic traits, environmental resilience was addressed through a study on chilling sensitivity in Episcia cultivars and hybrid progenies. The research highlighted significant variation in tolerance to low-temperature stress, identifying both sensitive and more resilient genotypes. These findings are particularly relevant for growers managing temperature fluctuations and seeking to reduce crop losses.

Together, these studies provide a comprehensive view of how genetic traits and environmental factors interact to influence plant performance, appearance, and adaptability. The research supports ongoing efforts to improve ornamental plant breeding, optimize greenhouse production practices, and enhance the resilience of commercially important species.

The combined findings contribute to a deeper scientific understanding of plant physiology and genetics while offering practical applications for the horticulture industry.

The full articles can be found on the ASHS HortScience electronic journal website at: 

https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI18701-25

https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI18887-25

https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI18895-25

https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI19318-26

Established in 1903, the American Society for Horticultural Science is recognized around the world as one of the most respected and influential professional societies for horticultural scientists. ASHS is committed to promoting and encouraging national and international interest in scientific research and education in all branches of horticulture.

Comprised of thousands of members worldwide, ASHS represents a broad cross-section of the horticultural community — scientists, educators, students, landscape and turf managers, government, extension agents and industry professionals. ASHS members focus on practices and problems in horticulture: breeding, propagation, production and management, harvesting, handling and storage, processing, marketing and use of horticultural plants and products. To learn more, visit ashs.org.

Tissue samples (1 cm) were collected from four to five locations on an inoculated shoot. Samples were taken below the lesion, above and below the bud scar, and at the central leader junction. Scion samples were only taken on the final of three sampling dates each year.

Knoxville, TN – Researchers have reported new findings on the combined use of plant growth regulators and plant defense activators to manage both tree growth and disease in young apple orchards. The work evaluates how the compounds prohexadione calcium and acibenzolar-S-methyl interact to influence vegetative growth and fire blight management in apple production systems.

Fire blight, caused by the bacterium Erwinia amylovora, is one of the most destructive diseases affecting apple orchards in many growing regions. At the same time, excessive vegetative growth in young orchards can complicate canopy management, reduce light penetration, and create conditions favorable for disease development. The paired studies examined whether a coordinated management approach could address both challenges.

The research was conducted in a young commercial apple orchard in North Carolina. Prohexadione calcium, a plant growth regulator widely used to limit shoot growth, was evaluated alongside acibenzolar-S-methyl, a compound that activates the plant’s natural defense responses. Treatments were applied alone and in combination to determine their effects on tree growth and fire blight incidence.

Results from the first study showed that prohexadione calcium significantly reduced vegetative shoot growth, helping maintain a more compact canopy structure during the early establishment years of the orchard. Acibenzolar-S-methyl did not substantially affect vegetative growth when used alone, but the combined treatments maintained the growth-reducing benefits of prohexadione calcium without negatively affecting overall tree development.

The second study focused on fire blight suppression under the same treatment programs. Applications involving acibenzolar-S-methyl were associated with reduced fire blight symptoms, supporting its role as a tool for activating plant defenses against the disease. When used alongside prohexadione calcium, disease management benefits were maintained while vegetative growth remained controlled.

Together, the findings suggest that integrating these two products may provide orchard managers with a practical strategy to manage canopy growth while also reducing the risk of fire blight during the critical early years of orchard establishment.

The studies highlight the potential value of combining physiological growth management with induced disease resistance as part of an integrated orchard management program. As growers continue to seek effective strategies to balance productivity, tree health, and disease control, coordinated approaches such as this may help improve the sustainability and resilience of modern apple production systems.

Dr. Annie Vogel is Assistant Professor and Fruit Extension Specialist at the University of Tennessee - Knoxville, Dr. Tom Kon is Associate Professor and Southeastern Apple Research Specialist at NC State, and Dr. Sara Villani is Assistant Professor and Extension Specialist-Fruit and Ornamental Pathology at NC State.

Dr. Vogel stated that her work in commercial fruit production focuses on the improvement of commercial standards through modified cultural management practices and implementation of integrated pest management strategies. The use of plant growth regulators, vegetative growth management, and orchard sanitation have been major topics in self-funded research and future grant efforts. Her current projects include testing formulations of chemically similar products from multiple manufacturers, using biopesticides to aid in crop load management, and developing alternative winter pruning strategies in young high-density orchards. Future areas will address improving canopy microclimate to mitigate disease pressure, testing varieties for disease resistance, and inducing lateral branch development and promoting yield in fruit crops  

The full articles can be found on the ASHS HortScience electronic journal website at: https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI18807-25 and https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI18806-25

Established in 1903, the American Society for Horticultural Science is recognized around the world as one of the most respected and influential professional societies for horticultural scientists. ASHS is committed to promoting and encouraging national and international interest in scientific research and education in all branches of horticulture.

Comprised of thousands of members worldwide, ASHS represents a broad cross-section of the horticultural community — scientists, educators, students, landscape and turf managers, government, extension agents and industry professionals. ASHS members focus on practices and problems in horticulture: breeding, propagation, production and management, harvesting, handling and storage, processing, marketing and use of horticultural plants and products. To learn more, visit ashs.org.

East Lansing, MI -Two complementary studies provide new insights into apple production by improving the ability to predict fruit set and better understand how crop load influences fruit quality and return bloom across diverse growing regions in the United States.

The first study introduces a fruit set prediction model based on distributions of fruitlet mass, offering a reliable method to estimate fruit drop, or abscission, during the growing season. Tested across four distinct U.S. regions, the model demonstrated consistent accuracy, giving growers a valuable tool to make timely thinning and management decisions that directly impact yield and fruit size.

The second study examines how crop load affects key fruit quality attributes, including size and color, as well as return bloom in ‘Honeycrisp’ apple trees. Conducted across multiple U.S. locations, the research highlights the balance required between maximizing current-season yield and ensuring strong flowering and productivity in the following year. Findings confirm that excessive crop load can reduce fruit quality and negatively impact return bloom, while optimized crop levels support more consistent annual production.

Together, these studies underscore the importance of precise crop load management in modern apple production. By combining predictive tools with a deeper understanding of crop load effects, growers can make more informed decisions that improve fruit quality, stabilize yields, and enhance long-term orchard performance.

This work contributes to ongoing efforts to refine orchard management practices through data-driven approaches, helping apple producers optimize productivity, fruit quality, and sustainability in an increasingly complex growing environment.

The collaborations for both publications emerged from a NIFA-USDA-SCRI project entitled Precision Apple Crop Load Management led by Dr. Terence Robinson of Cornell University. The subject of our prediction model publication was the basis of Dr. Laura Hillmann’s PhD research led by our group here at Michigan State University. This research was prompted by an elegant fruit set prediction model previously developed by Dr. Duane Greene (UMass) and colleagues at Cornell. Despite the model’s accuracy, grower adoption was limited by the relatively large time investment to implement the model. Our work was an attempt to redesign the model using a different approach without compromising precision.

Todd Einhorn is the Martin & Judith Bukovac Endowed Associate Professor of Tree Fruit Physiology at Michigan State University.  Co-author Luis Gonzalez Nieto is a professor in the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University

The full articles can be read on the ASHS HortScience electronic Journal website at:

https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI18854-25 and https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI19058-25

Established in 1903, the American Society for Horticultural Science is recognized around the world as one of the most respected and influential professional societies for horticultural scientists. ASHS is committed to promoting and encouraging national and international interest in scientific research and education in all branches of horticulture.

Comprised of thousands of members worldwide, ASHS represents a broad cross-section of the horticultural community — scientists, educators, students, landscape and turf managers, government, extension agents and industry professionals. ASHS members focus on practices and problems in horticulture: breeding, propagation, production and management, harvesting, handling and storage, processing, marketing and use of horticultural plants and products. To learn more, visit ashs.org.

Fluorescent micrographs of microcracks and Parka® spray residues in the regions of the pedicel cavity, the stylar end, the suture, and the cheek of sweet cherry fruit. Fruit were sprayed with Parka® twice according to manufacturer’s recommendations (at petal fall and straw yellow) (2 ×) or weekly starting at petal fall (12 ×). Untreated fruit served as control (left column). Fruit were stained by incubation in 0.1% acridine orange for 10 min. Scale bar = 5 mm.

Hannover, Germany -New research published in HortScience provides significant insights into the limitations of current strategies used to manage fruit cracking and improve fruit quality through cuticle modification. Two separate studies focusing on sweet cherries and apples demonstrate that common treatments—topical applications and nutrient precursors—do not result in increased cuticle deposition or improved structural integrity.

The first study, investigated the efficacy of a commercial biofilm designed to prevent rain-cracking in sweet cherries. Despite the product's intended use to supplement the fruit's natural cuticle, researchers found that repeated applications of Parka® did not increase the mass of the fruit's cuticle, nor did it alter its mechanical properties, such as strain relaxation. Most notably, the treatment failed to reduce water uptake or the incidence of fruit cracking compared to untreated controls.

In a parallel investigation involving apples, researchers explored whether feeding a cutin precursor could naturally stimulate cuticle growth. The study, tested the hypothesis that providing oleic acid—a primary building block of cutin—directly to developing fruit would enhance the protective barrier. The results showed that while the fruit absorbed the precursor, it did not lead to a measurable increase in cuticle thickness or mass. This suggests that cuticle deposition is strictly regulated by the plant's internal developmental programs rather than the availability of raw materials.

Together, these findings indicate that the fruit cuticle is a highly stable structure that is resistant to external manipulation during the growing season. For growers and researchers, this highlights the ongoing challenge of managing fruit integrity and suggests that future efforts may need to focus more on genetic selection or alternative environmental management rather than topical or metabolic supplements.

Professor Dr. Knoche is a professor of Horticulture at the Leibniz University of Hannover, Germany where he teaches and conducts research in fruit science. His research focuses on fruit surface disorders in a wide range of fruit crops including sweet cherry, apple, strawberry, grape, banana and mango.

The articles can be found on the ASHS HortScience electronic Journal website at:

https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI18791-25 and https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI18917-25

Established in 1903, the American Society for Horticultural Science is recognized around the world as one of the most respected and influential professional societies for horticultural scientists. ASHS is committed to promoting and encouraging national and international interest in scientific research and education in all branches of horticulture.

Comprised of thousands of members worldwide, ASHS represents a broad cross-section of the horticultural community — scientists, educators, students, landscape and turf managers, government, extension agents and industry professionals. ASHS members focus on practices and problems in horticulture: breeding, propagation, production and management, harvesting, handling and storage, processing, marketing and use of horticultural plants and products. To learn more, visit ashs.org.

Wooster, OH - Two complementary studies provide new insight into how a Bacillus velezensis–based biostimulant interacts with nutrient management to influence the growth and performance of French marigolds. The findings highlight the importance of aligning biostimulant use with appropriate phosphorus and overall fertilizer levels to achieve consistent plant growth benefits.

French marigold (Tagetes patula) is a widely produced ornamental valued for its vibrant color and adaptability in landscapes and containers. As growers seek sustainable strategies to improve nutrient use efficiency and reduce input costs, microbial biostimulants have emerged as promising tools. The new research evaluates how one such product performs under varying nutrient conditions.

Biostimulant Performance Across Phosphorus Levels

The study, “Influence of a Bacillus velezensis–Based Biostimulant on French Marigold Growth Under Different Phosphorus Levels,” examined plant growth responses across a range of phosphorus concentrations. The lead author on this study, Alexandra Espinoza, is a PhD candidate at The Ohio State University Department of Horticulture and Crop Science.

Results indicate that plant performance was closely tied to nutrient availability. Under certain phosphorus conditions, plants treated with the biostimulant showed enhanced growth metrics compared to untreated controls, including improved biomass accumulation and overall vigor. However, the magnitude of response depended on phosphorus supply, demonstrating that microbial biostimulants do not operate independently of fertility programs.

The findings suggest that optimizing phosphorus management is essential to fully realize the potential of microbial-based products in ornamental production systems.

Fertilizer Rate Influences Growth Response

A companion study, “Plant Growth Promotion in Lalrise Vita Treated French Marigolds Is Influenced by Fertilizer Rate,” further explored how fertilizer levels affect plant response to the same biostimulant formulation. The lead author on this study was Ashly Espinoza, also a PhD student at OSU.

Researchers evaluated marigold growth across multiple fertilizer regimes and found that plant growth promotion was significantly influenced by nutrient rate. In some fertility scenarios, treated plants exhibited measurable improvements in shoot growth and plant quality. In others, the difference between treated and untreated plants narrowed, reinforcing the concept that biostimulant efficacy is context-dependent.

The results demonstrate that fertilizer rate can either amplify or limit observable benefits, underscoring the need for integrated nutrient and biostimulant management strategies.

Toward Integrated Nutrient Management

Together, the two studies provide a clearer framework for growers considering microbial biostimulants in ornamental production. Rather than serving as a replacement for fertilizer, Bacillus velezensis–based products appear to function as complementary tools whose effectiveness depends on the surrounding nutrient environment.

By identifying how phosphorus levels and overall fertilizer rates interact with biostimulant application, the research offers practical guidance for refining production protocols. Strategic alignment of fertility programs with microbial inputs may improve nutrient efficiency, support consistent crop quality, and enhance sustainability in greenhouse and nursery systems.

As interest in biologically based production inputs continues to grow, these findings contribute valuable data to help producers make informed decisions and maximize returns from integrated crop management practices.

The research described in these articles was carried out by graduate students in the Wooster lab section of a floriculture crop production course. Students took full ownership of their projects—developing research questions, designing experiments, and conducting the work themselves. All projects were centered on the use of biostimulants in floriculture. Working with a product previously tested in the lab, students focused on understanding how its effectiveness is influenced by different fertilizer practices. The goal was to generate practical, evidence-based recommendations for growers interested in integrating biostimulants into their nutrient management programs.

After the conclusion of the course, several students pursued publication of their findings. The short, open-access article format provided an accessible way to share results with a broad audience and served as a valuable opportunity for first-time peer-reviewed publication. Building on this experience, instructors plan to incorporate manuscript preparation as a formal component of future courses to further support student research and professional development.

Dr. Michelle Jones is Professor and Associate Chair in the Department of Horticulture and Crop Science at The Ohio State University GFAES Wooster Campus.

The full article can be read on the ASHS HortTech electronic Journal website at: https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTTECH05833-25 and https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTTECH05831-25

Established in 1903, the American Society for Horticultural Science is recognized around the world as one of the most respected and influential professional societies for horticultural scientists. ASHS is committed to promoting and encouraging national and international interest in scientific research and education in all branches of horticulture.

Comprised of thousands of members worldwide, ASHS represents a broad cross-section of the horticultural community—scientists, educators, students, landscape and turf managers, government, extension agents and industry professionals. ASHS members focus on practices and problems in horticulture: breeding, propagation, production and management, harvesting, handling and storage, processing, marketing and use of horticultural plants and products. To learn more, visit ashs.org.

Athens, GA – New research is shedding light on how careful management of oxygen levels, lighting conditions, airflow, and nutrient solutions can significantly improve leafy green production in hydroponic and vertical farming systems. The findings, drawn from several recent studies, offer practical insights for growers seeking to increase yields, maintain crop quality, and improve operational efficiency in controlled environment agriculture.

Leafy greens such as kale, arugula, spinach, and lettuce are among the most commonly grown crops in hydroponic and vertical farm operations. However, maintaining optimal growing conditions can be challenging, as small changes in environmental factors may affect plant growth, nutrient uptake, and the development of physiological disorders.

One study examined how dissolved oxygen levels in hydroponic nutrient solutions affect the growth of kale and arugula. Researchers found that maintaining adequate oxygen concentrations in the root zone can significantly enhance plant development. Higher dissolved oxygen levels supported stronger root systems and improved shoot growth, suggesting that oxygen management can be a critical tool for maximizing productivity in hydroponic leafy green production.

Another study investigated how light intensity and production systems influence nutrient solution refill strategies for hydroponic spinach. As plants grow, they continuously remove water and nutrients from the solution, requiring growers to periodically replenish reservoirs. The research showed that optimal refill strategies vary depending on lighting conditions and the type of production system used. Adjusting refill practices based on plant growth rates and environmental conditions helped maintain stable nutrient concentrations, improving plant performance and resource efficiency.

A third study focused on preventing lettuce tipburn, a common physiological disorder in vertical farming systems. Tipburn occurs when rapidly growing lettuce leaves experience localized calcium deficiencies, often due to limited air movement within dense plant canopies. The research evaluated how optimizing downward airflow in vertical farms can improve air circulation around developing leaves. Results showed that targeted airflow management reduced the incidence of tipburn while maintaining healthy plant growth.

Together, the studies highlight the importance of precisely managing environmental and system variables in controlled environment agriculture. Factors such as root-zone oxygen availability, nutrient solution management, lighting levels, and air circulation all interact to influence crop performance.

By refining these aspects of production, growers can reduce crop losses, improve plant quality, and make more efficient use of resources. The findings provide practical guidance for commercial hydroponic and vertical farm operators working to scale production while maintaining consistent crop quality. As controlled environment agriculture continues to expand, research-driven strategies like these will play an increasingly important role in supporting reliable, high-quality production of fresh leafy greens year-round.

Dr Ferrarezi stated that this research was conducted, “because there is limited information about oxygenation levels, nutrient replacement strategies, and adequate downward airflow. Some of these concepts are known to growers from their cultivation experience, but providing research-based recommendations can help them reduce costs, increase sustainability, and improve resource-use efficiency. “  The Trial was conducted over multiple seasons and with different cultivars to generate a robust dataset that enables growers and researchers to apply these results to larger areas with greater confidence.

Dr. Ferrarezi is a Professor of Controlled Environment Agriculture Crop Physiology and Production at the University of Georgia College of Agriculture and Environmental Science.

The full articles can be found on the ASHS HortScience electronic journal website at: https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI18774-25,  https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI18828-25 and https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI18934-25

Established in 1903, the American Society for Horticultural Science is recognized around the world as one of the most respected and influential professional societies for horticultural scientists. ASHS is committed to promoting and encouraging national and international interest in scientific research and education in all branches of horticulture.

Comprised of thousands of members worldwide, ASHS represents a broad cross-section of the horticultural community — scientists, educators, students, landscape and turf managers, government, extension agents and industry professionals. ASHS members focus on practices and problems in horticulture: breeding, propagation, production and management, harvesting, handling and storage, processing, marketing and use of horticultural plants and products. To learn more, visit ashs.org.

Sweet corn (Zea mays L. var. saccharata) cobs representing different color types: bicolor (‘Redemption’) (A), white (‘Endurance’) (B), and yellow (‘Seminole Gold’) (C).

Tifton, GA - A two-part research project provides detailed performance data on spring-grown sweet corn varieties across the Southeastern United States, offering growers guidance on selecting bicolor, white, and yellow cultivars for reliable yield and market quality.

Sweet corn is a major fresh-market crop throughout the Southeast, but producers often face variable spring weather, fluctuating temperatures, and diverse soil conditions that can affect stand establishment and ear development. The study assessed numerous commercially available varieties to better understand how genetic type and environmental conditions influence productivity and harvest characteristics.

Researchers measured key yield attributes including plant vigor, ear size, kernel fill, marketable ear number, and overall yield. Differences were observed among color classes as well as among individual cultivars within each group. While all color types demonstrated potential for successful production, individual variety performance varied considerably, underscoring the importance of careful cultivar selection rather than relying solely on the kernel color category.

The research also evaluated maturity timing and uniformity. Some varieties produced earlier harvests, providing an advantage for early-season markets, while others produced higher total yields over a longer harvest window. Uniform ear development was a critical factor influencing marketability, particularly for wholesale and roadside stand sales.

Environmental conditions played a significant role in yield outcomes. Temperature fluctuations during early growth affected stand establishment, while weather during pollination influenced kernel fill and ear quality. Varieties differed in their ability to maintain productivity under these stresses, indicating that genetic tolerance to regional conditions is a key consideration for Southeastern growers.

In addition to yield quantity, the study assessed market traits such as ear length, tip fill, and overall appearance. Varieties producing consistent ear size and strong kernel development were more likely to meet fresh-market standards. The findings help growers align cultivar choice with specific marketing channels, including direct-to-consumer sales, local retail, and wholesale distribution.

The research provides a regionally focused resource to support production planning. By selecting varieties with proven performance under Southeastern spring conditions, growers can improve stand reliability, maintain consistent harvest schedules, and reduce economic risk.

Together, the two studies deliver one of the most detailed evaluations of sweet corn variety performance in the region, offering practical decision-making tools for producers seeking to maximize yield, quality, and profitability in spring production systems.

According to Dr. Kumari, “ The objective of this research was to provide southeastern growers with up-to-date varietal information, particularly identifying which sweet corn varieties perform best across the three market segments (bicolor, white, and yellow) under regional growing conditions.”

Dr. Kumari is Postdoctoral Research Associate in the Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia.   

Co-authors include Dr. Ted McAvoy, Dr. Camille McAvoy, Dr. Angelos Deltsidis, and Bob Brooks.

The full article can be read on the ASHS HortTech electronic Journal website at: https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTTECH05738-25 and https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTTECH05818-25

Established in 1903, the American Society for Horticultural Science is recognized around the world as one of the most respected and influential professional societies for horticultural scientists. ASHS is committed to promoting and encouraging national and international interest in scientific research and education in all branches of horticulture.

Comprised of thousands of members worldwide, ASHS represents a broad cross-section of the horticultural community—scientists, educators, students, landscape and turf managers, government, extension agents and industry professionals. ASHS members focus on practices and problems in horticulture: breeding, propagation, production and management, harvesting, handling and storage, processing, marketing and use of horticultural plants and products. To learn more, visit ashs.org.

Vincennes, IN - New research provides insights into strawberry production practices that influence yield, pest pressure, and cultivar performance, offering practical guidance for growers using high tunnels and plasticulture systems in the Lower Midwest.

One study compared active and passive winter row cover management strategies inside high tunnels to evaluate their effects on strawberry yields and pest populations. Active management involved adjusting row covers in response to temperature conditions, while passive management left covers in place throughout the winter.Across the study years, row cover strategies had minimal impact on plant yields but they influenced pest dynamics. These findings underscore the importance of considering how cultural practices designed to support plant growth and reduce abiotic stress can also influence pest management.

A second study evaluated 15 June-bearing strawberry cultivars grown over two seasons in a plasticulture system using either black or white plastic mulch. The research assessed yield, runner production and plant survival of the different cultivars under Lower Midwest growing conditions. Results indicated that cultivar responses varied by mulch color, with differences observed in productivity and adaptability over the two-year production cycle. The study underscores the importance of matching cultivar selection with mulch color to improve production outcomes in regional plasticulture systems.

Together, these studies contribute valuable regional  information for strawberry growers seeking to refine production practices. By examining management techniques and cultivar performance under protected and plasticulture systems, the research supports more informed decision-making to enhance yield, crop health, and production efficiency.

The full article can be read on the ASHS HortTech electronic Journal website at: 

https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTTECH05622-25 and https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTTECH05781-25

Established in 1903, the American Society for Horticultural Science is recognized around the world as one of the most respected and influential professional societies for horticultural scientists. ASHS is committed to promoting and encouraging national and international interest in scientific research and education in all branches of horticulture.

Comprised of thousands of members worldwide, ASHS represents a broad cross-section of the horticultural community—scientists, educators, students, landscape and turf managers, government, extension agents and industry professionals. ASHS members focus on practices and problems in horticulture: breeding, propagation, production and management, harvesting, handling and storage, processing, marketing and use of horticultural plants and products. To learn more, visit ashs.org.   

Percentage of participants who are familiar with worms by region based on a national survey of 925 US consumers.

St. Paul, MN - A new study from the University of Minnesota provides important insights into how education and management practices related to invasive pests affect consumer purchasing decisions in the horticulture industry.

Jumping worms, including species such as Amynthas agrestis, are invasive earthworms that have spread across parts of North America. Unlike common earthworms, jumping worms consume organic matter rapidly, degrade soil structure, and disrupt forest and garden ecosystems. Their presence in nursery containers and landscape soils has raised concerns among consumers, regulators, and green industry professionals.

The study investigated how providing consumers with information about jumping worms—and communicating whether plants had been treated to mitigate risk—impacts willingness to purchase potted plants. Researchers evaluated consumer responses under varying scenarios, including no information, pest disclosure without treatment, and disclosure accompanied by evidence of preventative or corrective measures.

Results show that information plays a significant role in shaping purchasing behavior. When consumers were informed about the risks associated with jumping worms without reassurance of treatment, willingness to buy decreased. However, when plants were presented as treated or managed to reduce the risk of infestation, consumer confidence improved substantially.

The findings suggest that transparency alone may not be sufficient to maintain consumer trust; proactive treatment and clear communication of management practices are critical. Providing assurance that preventative measures have been implemented can help offset concerns while reinforcing a retailer’s commitment to environmental responsibility.

The research highlights the growing importance of invasive species awareness in plant marketing and sales. As consumers become more informed about ecological risks, their purchasing decisions increasingly reflect concerns about sustainability and biosecurity.

For growers and retailers, the study underscores the value of integrating pest management protocols with clear, consumer-facing messaging. By pairing responsible treatment strategies with effective communication, the horticulture industry can protect both ecosystems and market stability.

As invasive species challenges continue to evolve, understanding the intersection of pest management and consumer perception will remain essential for maintaining trust and supporting resilient plant markets.

Brandon Miller is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Horticultural Science andCurator of Plant Collections at the University of Minnesota Landscape Arboretum where he leads the Resilient Landscape Horticulture program. His research and Extension efforts aim to create resiliency in the green industry by responding to emerging pests, increasing species diversity by overcoming production barriers for underutilized species, characterizing stress tolerances of undervalued plants, as well as improving planting and aftercare techniques in managed green spaces.

The full article can be read on the ASHS HortScience electronic Journal website at: https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI18733-25

Established in 1903, the American Society for Horticultural Science is recognized around the world as one of the most respected and influential professional societies for horticultural scientists. ASHS is committed to promoting and encouraging national and international interest in scientific research and education in all branches of horticulture.

Comprised of thousands of members worldwide, ASHS represents a broad cross-section of the horticultural community—scientists, educators, students, landscape and turf managers, government, extension agents and industry professionals. ASHS members focus on practices and problems in horticulture: breeding, propagation, production and management, harvesting, handling and storage, processing, marketing and use of horticultural plants and products. To learn more, visit ashs.org.

Visual appearance of seven foliage plants grown under different photoperiods from 9 to 16 h at the time of harvest (11, 12, or 13 weeks after treatment began).

East Lansing, MI – Recent studies provide valuable insights into how light management affects the growth, morphology, and flowering of both herbs and indoor foliage plants, offering practical guidance for greenhouse and indoor plant producers.

One study focused on basil, demonstrating that the daily light integral (DLI)—the total amount of light received by plants over the course of a day—has a greater effect on flowering than photoperiod, or day length. Basil plants exposed to higher DLI levels flowered earlier and more consistently, indicating that light intensity and total daily exposure are critical factors for scheduling harvests and ensuring consistent flower production.

A complementary study examined seven common indoor foliage plants and their responses to different day lengths. Plant morphology, including leaf size, stem elongation, and overall biomass, was influenced by photoperiod, with longer day lengths generally promoting more compact and vigorous growth in several species. The research highlights that day length can be used strategically to shape plant form and optimize appearance for the indoor plant market.

Together, these findings emphasize that both the amount of light received daily and the duration of light exposure play important roles in plant development. For herb producers, managing light intensity can help control flowering schedules, while indoor foliage growers can use day length adjustments to influence plant morphology and marketability.

The studies provide actionable guidance for growers using controlled environments such as greenhouses, vertical farms, and indoor plant production systems. Optimizing light management can improve plant quality, reduce production time, and support more predictable scheduling for both flowering and foliage crops.

Roberto Lopes is Associate Professor and Controlled Environment/ Floriculture Extension Specialist, Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University

The full articles can be found on the ASHS HortScience electronic journal website at: https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI18645-25 and https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI19010-25

Established in 1903, the American Society for Horticultural Science is recognized around the world as one of the most respected and influential professional societies for horticultural scientists. ASHS is committed to promoting and encouraging national and international interest in scientific research and education in all branches of horticulture.

Comprised of thousands of members worldwide, ASHS represents a broad cross-section of the horticultural community — scientists, educators, students, landscape and turf managers, government, extension agents and industry professionals. ASHS members focus on practices and problems in horticulture: breeding, propagation, production and management, harvesting, handling and storage, processing, marketing and use of horticultural plants and products. To learn more, visit ashs.org.

Morgantown, WV:  Two new studies from scientists at West Virginia University emphasize nutrient availability, allocation, and physiological prioritization in petunias and sorrel. The petunia study, Changes in Mineral Nutrient Content during the Growth, Maintenance, and Senescence Phases of Petunia Corolla Flower Development, examines how mineral nutrients are allocated and redistributed in petunia corolla tissues as flowers progress through growth, full display, and senescence. The authors show that nutrient concentrations are dynamic rather than static, with certain elements (such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) accumulating during corolla expansion and then declining as senescence begins. Other minerals show more stability or are selectively remobilized, suggesting that flowers function as temporary nutrient sinks that later release nutrients back to the plant. The findings highlight the importance of nutrient remobilization processes in flower longevity and senescence and provide insight into how mineral nutrition supports reproductive development and visual quality in ornamental crops.

The sorrel study, Fertility Affects Yield and Emodin Levels but Not Catechin Concentrations in Red-Veined Sorrel (Rumex sanguineus L. complements this perspective by investigating how fertility levels influence biomass production and the accumulation of bioactive secondary metabolites in red-veined sorrel. Increased fertility significantly enhances yield and emodin concentration, indicating that primary nutrient availability strongly affects plant growth and the synthesis of certain secondary compounds. In contrast, catechin concentrations remain largely unaffected by fertility, suggesting that some phytochemicals are regulated independently of nutrient supply. The results demonstrate that fertility management can be used to optimize yield and specific health-related compounds without uniformly affecting all secondary metabolites.

Together, these articles demonstrate that plant responses to nutrients are highly specific: nutrients may support structural development and reproductive function (as in petunia flowers), enhance yield and certain metabolites (such as emodin in sorrel), or have little effect on other compounds (such as catechins). Collectively, the studies underscore that nutrient management influences not only plant growth but also tissue function, developmental timing, and biochemical composition, reinforcing the need for targeted fertility strategies in both ornamental and edible crop production

According to Dr. Sverlinden, “(T)he work in Petunia helps us understand not only remobilization of nutrients but also gives a window into the ways to prolong flower longevity. Especially trying to expand the maintenance phase would be important in this follow up work.”  He further stated that, “We wanted to understand how fertility affected dye content because of the renewed interest in natural dyes and the potential of sorrel as a dye crop. Enhancing dye content will be essential to make the crop economically viable as a source of pigments.”  

Dr. Sven Verlinden is Associate Professor of Horticulture and Interim Director of the Division of Plant and Soil Science at West Virginia University. He has taught courses in plants and people, western Europe landscapes, herbaceous plant materials, garden center management, storage and handling of horticultural crops, and greenhouse management

The full articles can be found on the ASHS HortScience electronic journal website at: 

https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI18531-25 and https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI18581-25

Established in 1903, the American Society for Horticultural Science is recognized around the world as one of the most respected and influential professional societies for horticultural scientists. ASHS is committed to promoting and encouraging national and international interest in scientific research and education in all branches of horticulture.

Comprised of thousands of members worldwide, ASHS represents a broad cross-section of the horticultural community - scientists, educators, students, landscape and turf managers, government, extension agents and industry professionals. ASHS members focus on practices and problems in horticulture: breeding, propagation, production and management, harvesting, handling and storage, processing, marketing and use of horticultural plants and products. To learn more, visit ashs.org. 

‘US-Early Pride’ (A), ‘Sugar Belle’ LB8-9 (B), and ‘Tango’ (C) IPC and no-IPC trees during Winter 2022 after 3 years of field growth. IPC = individual protective cover.

Immokalee, FL — A new research article, “Individual Protective Covers Differentially Affect Citrus Varieties While Protecting Young Trees against Huanglongbing,” reports that individual protective covers (IPCs) can reduce early exposure of young citrus trees to huanglongbing (HLB), also known as citrus greening, while producing different growth and performance outcomes depending on citrus variety.

HLB remains one of the most significant threats to citrus production worldwide, spread primarily by the Asian citrus psyllid. Young trees are especially vulnerable during establishment, when infection can severely limit long-term productivity. The study evaluated how IPCs—physical barriers placed around individual trees—perform both as a disease-management tool and as an environmental modifier for developing trees.

Results show that IPCs effectively limited early contact between young trees and insect vectors, supporting their role in integrated HLB management strategies. However, the research also found that responses varied across citrus varieties, indicating that tree growth, canopy development, and overall performance under IPCs are not uniform. These differences suggest that selection of variety is an important consideration when adopting IPCs as a protective measure.

The findings highlight a dual role for IPCs: reducing disease risk while influencing microclimate conditions around the tree, such as temperature, humidity, and light interception. These changes can alter tree physiology in ways that may be beneficial for some varieties and neutral or less favorable for others. Understanding these interactions can help growers make more informed decisions about whether and how to deploy IPCs in new plantings.

The study provides practical insights for citrus producers seeking additional tools to protect young trees during the most vulnerable stages of growth. By demonstrating both the protective benefits and the variety-specific effects of IPCs, the research supports more targeted, site-specific management approaches in the ongoing effort to slow the impact of HLB.

Fernando Alferez is Associate Professor of Citrus Horticulture at the University of Florida, IFAS.  

According to Dr. Alferez,  “(R)esearch with IPCs has been a main line of work in his program since 2018. We started this work because there were anecdotal evidence and observations from some growers on the effectiveness of IPCs, but there was not systematic replicated research on this topic. So, I led a multidisciplinary team (comprising citrus horticulture, physiology, entomology, and pathology) to understand how this tool can benefit growers when growing young citrus trees in a scenario oh endemic HLB, as Florida is these days. Since the industry is also diversifying the varieties of citrus that they are planting, we thought that studying the effects on different varieties was important, and we found that not all varieties respond equally to the conditions that IPCs create. This is knowledge is important when planting new citrus trees because now we know that for some varieties IPCs will help the trees, but for other varieties there is no beneficial effect.”

Seoul, Korea – A series of new studies highlights the benefits of plant- and garden-based interventions—commonly referred to as agro-healing—on psychological and physiological health in both children and adults. The research demonstrates measurable improvements in mental well-being, stress reduction, and cognitive responses linked to engagement with plants and horticultural activities.

One study examined elementary school students participating in a plant-mediated therapy program. The program, which incorporated hands-on plant care and guided horticultural activities, was associated with reduced aggressive behaviors and enhanced psychological well-being. Students showed improved emotional regulation, social interactions, and overall classroom engagement, suggesting that exposure to plants can support positive behavioral outcomes in young learners.

Additional research focused on adults experiencing work-related stress and burnout risk. A structured agro-healing program combining gardening tasks, relaxation exercises, and mindfulness techniques demonstrated reductions in burnout indicators and improvements in overall mental health. Participants reported lower stress levels, increased attention, and a greater sense of personal resilience.

Physiological measurements further supported these findings. Using electroencephalogram (EEG) monitoring, researchers observed that adults engaged in agro-healing activities exhibited brain activity patterns associated with relaxation, focus, and reduced cognitive fatigue. These neural responses suggest that interacting with plants and horticultural environments can positively influence brain function and stress regulation.

Another study explored how the visual characteristics of foliage plants affect human responses. Leaf shape was found to influence psychophysiological measures, including heart rate and subjective relaxation. Participants exposed to certain leaf forms experienced greater calming effects, highlighting the potential for design considerations in indoor and therapeutic plant environments.

Together, these studies reinforce the value of integrating plant-based activities into educational, workplace, and therapeutic settings. Agro-healing programs can provide non-invasive, accessible interventions that improve emotional well-being, reduce stress, and promote healthier behavioral and cognitive outcomes.

The findings support the growing adoption of horticulture and plant-focused programs as tools for mental health promotion and stress management across diverse populations

This research was conducted by Dr. Sin-Ae Park and her research team at Konkuk University in Seoul, Republic of Korea.  Team members include Sun-Mi Lee, Mi-Sook Jeong and Seo-Hyun Kim.  

Dr. Park is a professor in the Department of Environmental Health Science, and the Department of Bio and Healing Convergence, Konkuk University,, Seoul, Republic of Korea..Her research investigates how horticultural activities improve mental health, reduce stress, and improve cognitive function across various populations. She has developed evidence-based horticultural programs aimed at improving emotional intelligence in children and enhancing family resilience

The full articles can be found on the ASHS HortScience electronic journal website at: https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI18675-25

https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI18998-25

https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI18997-25

https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI19050-25

Established in 1903, the American Society for Horticultural Science is recognized around the world as one of the most respected and influential professional societies for horticultural scientists. ASHS is committed to promoting and encouraging national and international interest in scientific research and education in all branches of horticulture.

Comprised of thousands of members worldwide, ASHS represents a broad cross-section of the horticultural community — scientists, educators, students, landscape and turf managers, government, extension agents and industry professionals. ASHS members focus on practices and problems in horticulture: breeding, propagation, production and management, harvesting, handling and storage, processing, marketing and use of horticultural plants and products. To learn more, visit ashs.org.

Pullman, Washington: A group of researchers from the USDA ARS National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS), Washington State University and the University of Alaska has completed a comprehensive evaluation of rhubarb cultivars grown in Alaska,identifying varieties with strong potential for commercial production while also supporting long-term conservation efforts. The study, “Assessment of Rhubarb Cultivars Grown in Alaska for Commercial Suitability and Conservation,” provides valuable insights for growers seeking resilient, high-performing crops adapted to northern climates.

Rhubarb (Rheum rhabarbarum) has long been a staple in Alaska’s home gardens, prized for its cold tolerance and early-season harvest. As one of the few perennial fruits that grows well there, rhubarb is very popular for home garden production, and there is an interest in commercial production.  However, limited research has been conducted to determine which cultivars are best suited for large-scale commercial production under Alaska’s unique environmental conditions, including extended daylight hours, cool temperatures, and short growing seasons.

In this study, researchers evaluated multiple rhubarb cultivars for yield, plant vigor, stalk quality, color, and overall marketability. They also assessed traits important for conservation, such as genetic diversity and the preservation of heirloom or locally adapted varieties. The findings highlight cultivars that consistently produced high yields, attractive stalk color, and desirable texture—traits essential for both fresh market sales and value-added processing.

The research also underscores the importance of maintaining diverse rhubarb germplasm in Alaska. By identifying cultivars that perform well commercially while preserving unique genetic resources, the study supports both economic development and long-term crop resilience in northern agricultural systems.

For Alaska growers, the results offer practical guidance for cultivar selection, helping reduce risk and improve profitability. For researchers and conservationists, the study reinforces the role of regional trials in safeguarding crop diversity and strengthening food security in challenging climates.

As interest grows in locally produced foods and climate-adapted crops, rhubarb stands out as a dependable specialty crop for northern regions. This research provides a roadmap for expanding commercial rhubarb production in Alaska while ensuring that valuable plant genetic resources are conserved for future generations.

Dr. Cornwall is a Horticulture and Beta Crops Collection Curator for the United States Department of Agriculture.

The full study can be found on the ASHS HortScience electric journal website at: https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI18674-25

Established in 1903, the American Society for Horticultural Science is recognized around the world as one of the most respected and influential professional societies for horticultural scientists. ASHS is committed to promoting and encouraging national and international interest in scientific research and education in all branches of horticulture.

Comprised of thousands of members worldwide, ASHS represents a broad cross-section of the horticultural community—scientists, educators, students, landscape and turf managers, government, extension agents and industry professionals. ASHS members focus on practices and problems in horticulture: breeding, propagation, production and management, harvesting, handling and storage, processing, marketing and use of horticultural plants and products. To learn more, visit ashs.org.

‘US-Early Pride’ (A), ‘Sugar Belle’ LB8-9 (B), and ‘Tango’ (C) IPC and no-IPC trees during Winter 2022 after 3 years of field growth. IPC = individual protective cover.

(photo courtesy of the author)

Immokalee, FL — A new research article, “Individual Protective Covers Differentially Affect Citrus Varieties While Protecting Young Trees against Huanglongbing,” reports that individual protective covers (IPCs) can reduce early exposure of young citrus trees to huanglongbing (HLB), also known as citrus greening, while producing different growth and performance outcomes depending on citrus variety.

HLB remains one of the most significant threats to citrus production worldwide, spread primarily by the Asian citrus psyllid. Young trees are especially vulnerable during establishment, when infection can severely limit long-term productivity. The study evaluated how IPCs—physical barriers placed around individual trees—perform both as a disease-management tool and as an environmental modifier for developing trees.

Results show that IPCs effectively limited early contact between young trees and insect vectors, supporting their role in integrated HLB management strategies. However, the research also found that responses varied across citrus varieties, indicating that tree growth, canopy development, and overall performance under IPCs are not uniform. These differences suggest that selection of variety is an important consideration when adopting IPCs as a protective measure.

The findings highlight a dual role for IPCs: reducing disease risk while influencing microclimate conditions around the tree, such as temperature, humidity, and light interception. These changes can alter tree physiology in ways that may be beneficial for some varieties and neutral or less favorable for others. Understanding these interactions can help growers make more informed decisions about whether and how to deploy IPCs in new plantings.

The study provides practical insights for citrus producers seeking additional tools to protect young trees during the most vulnerable stages of growth. By demonstrating both the protective benefits and the variety-specific effects of IPCs, the research supports more targeted, site-specific management approaches in the ongoing effort to slow the impact of HLB.

Fernando Alferez is Associate Professor of Citrus Horticulture at the University of Florida, IFAS.  

According to Dr. Alferez,  “(R)esearch with IPCs has been a main line of work in his program since 2018. We started this work because there were anecdotal evidence and observations from some growers on the effectiveness of IPCs, but there was not systematic replicated research on this topic. So, I led a multidisciplinary team (comprising citrus horticulture, physiology, entomology, and pathology) to understand how this tool can benefit growers when growing young citrus trees in a scenario oh endemic HLB, as Florida is these days. Since the industry is also diversifying the varieties of citrus that they are planting, we thought that studying the effects on different varieties was important, and we found that not all varieties respond equally to the conditions that IPCs create. This is knowledge is important when planting new citrus trees because now we know that for some varieties IPCs will help the trees, but for other varieties there is no beneficial effect.”

The full article can be read on the Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science electronic journal website at: https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS05519-25

Established in 1903, the American Society for Horticultural Science is recognized around the world as one of the most respected and influential professional societies for horticultural scientists. ASHS is committed to promoting and encouraging national and international interest in scientific research and education in all branches of horticulture.

Comprised of thousands of members worldwide, ASHS represents a broad cross-section of the horticultural community — scientists, educators, students, landscape and turf managers, government, extension agents and industry professionals. ASHS members focus on practices and problems in horticulture: breeding, propagation, production and management, harvesting, handling and storage, processing, marketing and use of horticultural plants and products. To learn more, visit ashs.org.

At harvest, external and internal fruit aspect (A and B), and means with standard deviation for fruit peelability force (C and D) and fruit juice content (E and F) at harvest for Huanglongbing (HLB)-affected trees of ‘LB8-9’ and ‘Tango’ as affected by foliar-applied mineral nutrient treatments [control, potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and boron (B)]. At harvest, fruit sensory characteristics—overall liking (G), sourness (H), flavor intensity (I), sweetness (J), and bitterness (K)—were assessed by consumer test using the generalized labeled magnitude scale for the fruit of HLB-affected ‘LB8-9’ trees as affected by foliar-applied nutrient treatments (control, K, Ca, and B). Different letters indicate significant differences among treatments (P ≤0.1). NS = nonsignificant.

Felda, FL — Huanglongbing (HLB), also known as citrus greening, continues to be one of the most destructive diseases threatening citrus production worldwide.  To combat HLB progression in citrus orchards, mitigation strategies including tree replacement, thermotherapy, biological control, plant growth regulators, trunk injection, nutritional treatments, and more are practiced to improve tree health and fruit productivity

New research from the University of Florida, Citrus Research and Education Center demonstrates that supplemental nutrition strategies can help reduce visible HLB symptoms in mandarins, while also improving fruit quality and extending shelf-life.

The study focused on two mandarin varieties, ‘LB8-9’ (Sugar Belle®) and ‘Tango,’ both of which are widely grown in Florida and valued for their flavor and marketability. Trees affected by HLB were treated with supplemental nutrition programs designed to strengthen plant health and mitigate disease stress.

Foliar K and B nutrition was shown to  mitigate some HLB symptoms, leading to larger, more marketable fruit with good postharvest quality—likely by improving hormonal balance and reducing oxidative stress in the trees. Calcium was shown to  help with firmness and storage decay but did not improve commercial quality traits like size or color. In addition, fruit harvested from treated trees had higher overall quality, including improved size, firmness, and juice characteristics. Shelf-life was also extended, offering potential benefits to growers, distributors, and consumers.

These results highlight the importance of nutrition management as part of an integrated approach to sustaining citrus production in HLB-endemic regions. While supplemental nutrition is not a cure for the disease, it can provide meaningful improvements in tree performance, fruit quality development, and postharvest longevity.

According to Dr. Vashisth, “My research program conducts applied research to improve citrus productivity, fruit quality, and tree health under Huanglongbing (HLB) conditions. Based at the Citrus Research and Education Center (CREC) at the University of Florida, my work focuses on citrus nutrition, root health, canopy management, plant growth regulators, and stress physiology.”

Tripti Vashisth is Associate Director of the Citrus Research and Education Center at the University of Florida.  She is also an Associate Professor of Horticultural Science, and Citrus Extension Specialist.

The full articles can be found on the Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science electronic journal website at: https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS05500-25

Established in 1903, the American Society for Horticultural Science is recognized around the world as one of the most respected and influential professional societies for horticultural scientists. ASHS is committed to promoting and encouraging national and international interest in scientific research and education in all branches of horticulture.

Comprised of thousands of members worldwide, ASHS represents a broad cross-section of the horticultural community — scientists, educators, students, landscape and turf managers, government, extension agents and industry professionals. ASHS members focus on practices and problems in horticulture: breeding, propagation, production and management, harvesting, handling and storage, processing, marketing and use of horticultural plants and products. To learn more, visit ashs.org.

(Photos courtesy of the author)

West Lafayette, IN - Recent research in tomato production highlights practical approaches for improving seedling growth and maximizing yields in high tunnel systems. Healthy transplants are critical for organic vegetable production, but tomato seedling performance varies among certified organic growing media, largely due to differences in nitrogen supply. While general recommendations advise incorporating nutrients into media or applying supplemental fertilizers as needed, more precise guidance on nutrient sources and application rates is lacking. Because organic media differ in nutrient content and availability, growers need clearer information on when and how much supplemental fertilization is required for specific media.

A study on organic growing media found that tomato seedling performance varies

across commercially available substrates, and that supplemental organic fertilizer can

further enhance growth. The fertilizer was essential for growing media that did not

contain compost or other nutrient sources. In media that contained compost, the

fertilizer improved seedling nutrition, but did not consistently improve seedling size or

field performance. Sometimes the fertilizer resulted in excess salts in the growing

media. Identifying the right combination of media and fertility helps growers produce

strong, healthy seedlings that establish well and support vigorous plants throughout the

season. Growers can use standard laboratory tests for growing media to help identify

the need for supplemental fertilizer and potential for excess salts. Still, more research is

needed to understand how quickly nutrients become available in order to more closely

match supplemental fertilizer applications to the media.

In parallel, research on trellising systems in high tunnels shows that the stake-and-

weave method used without pruning tomato plants can produce higher tomato yields

compared to traditional double- or multiple-leader vertical-string supports used in

conjunction with pruning. This result occurred with a plant spacing that provided 8

square feet per plant and with harvest over an 8 to 10 week period. At a closer plant

spacing, or over a longer harvest period different results might be observed.

Together, these studies provide actionable insights for growers seeking to optimize tomato production from seedling stage to harvest. Implementing effective substrate management and selecting high-performing trellis systems can lead to stronger plants, higher yields, and more efficient use of resources.

According to Dr. Maynard, “I started the trellising research because various practices

are used by growers and it seemed useful to know how they might influence yield.

Growers choose tomato trellising systems with numerous considerations in mind. This

comparison between systems shows potential effects on tomato yield, size, and

marketing grade. I hope it will help tomato growers identify the system that best fits their

operation.”

Author Dr. Petrus Langenhoven added “We aim for this research to foster collaboration between scientists, media producers, and farmers to develop nutrient release models that can be incorporated into product specifications, ultimately enabling growers to optimize transplant production practices for their specific operations.”

Dr. Elizabeth (Liz) Maynard is Clinical Engagement Professor of Horticulture at Purdue University. She serves as an extension specialist for vegetable production, integrating education and applied research to improve vegetable farming. She collaborates with other Extension specialists, educators and agriculture professionals to create and deliver programs and resources for vegetable farmers.

Dr. Wenjing Guan is Clinical Engagement Associate Professor of Horticulture at Purdue University. She serves as an Extension specialist developing and delivering sustainable vegetable and fruit production practices to Indiana growers.

Dr. Petrus Langenhoven is Clinical Assistant Professor of Horticulture at Purdue

University. He serves as Horticulture and Hydroponics Crop Specialist supporting the

establishment and expansion of local and regional food systems by increasing the

productivity and efficiency of vegetable growers.

Dr. Lori Hoagland is Professor of Horticulture at Purdue University. Her research focus

in soil microbial ecology supports the continued growth and long-term sustainability of

local food systems.

The full articles can be read on the ASHS HortTech electronic Journal website at: https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTTECH05594-24 and https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTTECH05722-25

Established in 1903, the American Society for Horticultural Science is recognized around the world as one of the most respected and influential professional societies for horticultural scientists. ASHS is committed to promoting and encouraging national and international interest in scientific research and education in all branches of horticulture.

Comprised of thousands of members worldwide, ASHS represents a broad cross-section of the horticultural community—scientists, educators, students, landscape and turf managers, government, extension agents and industry professionals. ASHS members focus on practices and problems in horticulture: breeding, propagation, production and management, harvesting, handling and storage, processing, marketing and use of horticultural plants and products. To learn more, visit ashs.org.